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' May 5, 1925. 1,536,780

O. H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ART Filed Aug.24, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet lMay 5, 1925.

O. H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE :NGINE ART Filed Aug. 24, 1920' s sneets-sneet,z

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May 5, 192s. 1,536,780

' O., H. ENSIGN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ART Filed Aug. 24, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet:5

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Fatented May 5, i925 tit DEVILLE HIRAIvIPENSIGN, 0F PASADENA, CALIFORNA.

a'oronerivn ENGINE Aar.

Application filed August 24, 1920. Serial No. 405,720.

To f/.Z 'zo/1.077@ t may oonocivi:

Be it known that I., @ln/'umn HIRAM En sien, a citizen ol the UnitedStates, residing at Pasadena, in the county of Los Angoles and State orCalifornia, have invented and discovered new and useful lmprovementsinthe Automotive Engine Art, of which the following is a speciiication.

rfhis invention is an improvement in the art of utilizing internalcombustion in the tivo stroke complete expansion constant volume cyclefor power purposes and is broadly new7 basic and pioneer in that l"provide an oscillating clearance which is a combined combustion chamberland valve which receives a highly compressed charge 'from a compressor,isolates said charge from the compressor, and opens the charge totheworking cylinder and l then combust thev charge Within the valve. rllheearly Clerk engine is an illustration of the type ot engine to whichthis improvement applies.

ln carrying` out this improvement inv its preferred form, a compressorcylinder and piston and a power cylinder and piston having practicallyno piston clearance Within the cylinders are provided with anoscillating` clearancechamber alternately applicable to each, and inpractice a cold comburent charge is drawn in and highly compressed, isthen isolated from the compressor, and quickly combusted incommunication With a working` space which is expansible in largevolumetric ratio and is there almost completely transliornual. intopower through complete expansion; aiterfwhich the burnt products areexhausted.

y this process the heat losses trom beginning to end oi the cycic areminimized.

ln this invention, the charge ot compressed coinburent from thecompressor cyl` inder 1s completely delivered into a movable Theconditions involved indicate addition to the charge in the movableclearance chamber, of heat from previous com-` bustion9 thuscompensating` for any tendency to loss of heat of compression.

ln the combpressor cylinder of an engine constructed in accordance withthis invention, lowering` of the Weight of the charge does not occur inconnection with this heated clearance space which is commonV to bothcylinders, becauselthe charge is drawn into the compressor cylinderwhile the alternating)- clearance is shut ott from the compressercylinder, and only opens at the bcginning of the compression strokeafter the inspiration charge is locked in the compressor cylinder. Intwo movements of comburent, viz, inspiration of cold comburent into thecompressor cylinder, and delivery ot' the compressed comburent to thepower cylinder, the operations are completed in such manner that storedheat from previous combustion does not alter the state of the charge ina detrimental manner. That is to say; the compressor cylinderiillswithout modiication of or interference with the charge Weight by anyheat except the heat ot compression and thatr of the Water jacket. rlhecharge, after being locked in the compressor cylinder, is opened to andis then compressed into the movable clearance and is afterward opened upto the power cylinder after the Working space has been brought to thepoint of minimum clearance and locked tight by its valves; and anyheatthat is picked up from the walls by the charge regenerative heatrecovered. from the previous explosion or combustion.

An object ot this invention is to make constant volume Working morenearly pos sible, than in any two stroke high expansion engineheretofore proposed.

e An Vobject is'to subject the comburent to excessive turbulence,rimmediately previous i shaft and crank, a compressing cylinder and apower cylinder in such angular relation to each other as to providebetween their heads a space adapted to accommodate a valve bearingcontaining an oscillating clearance chamber into which a charge otcombinent from the compressor may be compressed. rlhe angle that thecompressor and power cylinder bear to each other may be made anydesirable degree in order to obtain the proper tin'iing oit the relationbetween the completion oi the compressing` stroke and the beginning etthe power stroke wi h its coordinating valve timing; said compressingcylinder having small displacement relative to the power cylinder; and Iprovide means whereby said clearance chamber is adapted to rapidoscillation and to the instantaneous reception and isolation ot thecompressed charge ot' comburent; quick communication with the powerchamber, instant combustion while in communi; cation with the powerchamber; expansion to large volume and then exhaust ot the burned gases.ln this manner the heat losses are minimized in numerous ways. By thismeans and in carrying out the invention l have provided an oscillatingclearance chamber timed with the pistons and arranged in said valvebearing, said oscillating clearance chamber being so constructed andarranged that the transfer and tiring ot the comburent is as direct aspossible and that the expansion ratio can be made as high as may befound practical.

am not aware that there has been constructed any practical engine inwhich the unlimited control of the expansionrratio within practicalVlimits was possible.

The invention is interchangeably applicable to the use ot Carburationand to r'uel injection; and both forms oi' fuel application will bedescribed herein and itis understood that features ot the invention areapplicable to engines of the Diesel type.

Another object oic the invention is to make possible the operation ot' aconstant compression engi-ne having a high compression and a high emansion ratio.

kAnother object ot' the invention is to provide by simple means anengine over which the control of the expansion ratio may be retained.

Another object of the invention is to create an engine with as tei1parts as possible with a large power output. The operation ot all thevalves o' this invention is brought about through the medium of oneexcentric connecting to all the valves through rocker arms and rockshaft.

in object to bring about a practical working engine et the Clerk generaltype with its attendanthigh capacity and high economy. f j

@ther objects, advantages and features ot invention may appear from theaccompanying drawings, the subjoined detail description and the appendedclaims.

The improvement in the art may be understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings which illustrate one cmbodiment of this inventionand its adaptation to operation with gas, with carburetion and with fuelinjection.

Figure 1 is a. tragmental developed plan of the top of a complete singleengine constructed in accordance with this invention as applied to usewith a carbureter.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on line 022, Fig. l of the enginesupplied with a car` bureter.

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail ot the combined receiving, transterring andcombusting chamber7 which is termed `the oscillating clearance chamber,or alternating clearance.

Fig. -l is an elevation ot one side et the engine, omitting thecarburetor and showing the valve and ignition action.

Fig. 5 is an edge elevation viewing the engine from the right ot Figs.l, Q and Ll.

Fig. G is a fragmental sectional diagram ot the spray nozzle andmetering pump connections tor liquid fuel injection.

Set screws in some ot the views are displaced with respect to the samein other views Jfor convenience ot full illustration.

The mechanical arrangements for the application of comburent orcomburents in various forms will be such that gaseous 'fuel or liquidfuel used with a carburetor may be introduced with air; or that the airwill be introduced alone, and after compression, opened to communicationwitlrthe power cylinder, and then the fuel may be injected and thecharge tired either by heat of conipression or by the application oitelectric spark as will be understood from the 'following description.

The air compressor comprises a cylinder l having an inspiration port 2and valve 3 in its head and a charge delivering port opening through awall ot a valve searing Said compressor also comprises a piston (loperating in the compressor cylinder l practically with no clearancebetween the compressor piston and the cylinder head.

rllhe valve bearing is provided with a power cylinder admission port 7opening into the power cylinder 8 in which @the power piston 9 operates.Said compressor cylinder and power cylinder' converge toward the crankshaft 10 at an angle which allows appropriate connection with the crankll of the connecting rods l2 and 13 for the compressor piston G andpower piston 9.

Said pistons are each adapted to operate with practically no clearancebetween the pistons and the cylinder heads respectively. An oscillatingalternating clear-ance cham- CII ber 14, which is constructed as ahollow eylindrical oscillating valve having imperiorate ends 15, 1G andprovided with. lateral receiving and discharging ports 17, 18, andserving as a charge receiving, transferring and combustion chamber ismounted inside said valve bearing 5; and the ports 17, 18 are adaptedand arranged to communicate respectively with the compressor cylindervat one position tlnfoughr port 17, and with the power cylinder 8through the delivery port 8, at another position.

The power piston 9 is connected by the connecting rod 13, crank pin 11and crank arm 19 to the crank shaft 10. The compressor piston 6 isconnected with the connecting rod 13 through the wrist pin 2O and theconnecting rod '12, so that the movement of the crank sha'tt 10 actuatedby the power piston 9 will operate the compressor piston in timedrelation.

The wrist pin 20 is attached. to the lower end oil' the connecting rodin a manner common to V type engines.

The two cylinders are set at a convenient angle 'to allow for clearanceet connecting rod 12 with the walls of the lower end oit the cylinder 1.This angle also provides for the completion of the compressor stroke intime ahead ot the completion of the exhaust stroke of the workingcylinder so as to make possible the delivery of the compressed chargeinto the oscillating clearance cham-Y ber suiliciently in advancel ofthe `time of opening the same to eon'nnunicate with the power cylinder,to allow closing the communication between the compressor cylinder andthe clearance `chamber for the purpose of isolati-ng the compressedcharge before opening communica-tion with the power cylinder; thusprotecting against leaks of the compressed charge back into thecompressor cylinder when ignition and explosion take place in theclearance chamber which at that time operates as the combustion chamber.This is especially necessary because iinnwdiatcly that the compressorstroke is finished, the compressor pistoni starts downward on the intakestroke and opens con'ununication with the atmosphere or other combinentsource.

This advance of the closing o'f the compresser cylinder to the clearancechamber has been found to be in a` practical way about o of the movementof the crank shaft. Closing communication between the compressorcylinder and the clearance chamber, 30o ahead oi the completion of thereturn stroke of the power piston allows communication from theclearance chamber to be opened to the working cylinder 1f O ahead of thedead center oit the working cylinder;y

thus making possible lthat desired advance o1? ignition ot the charge incommunieation with the power cylinder which is so essential to completecon'ibustion.

Port 4 opens lush with the compressor cylinder head 22; but port 7 ispartly tended into head 28 of the power cylinder to avoid exposing anypiston ring and to allow snilieient admission port area.

To bring about the proper timing of alternate comn'mnieation of theclearance chamber with the compressor and power cylinders; the valveoperating excentric 2stis mounted upon the crank shat with its workingcenter 25, at right angles to the crank arm 19. through the excentricrod 25, the rocking arm 26 and rocker pin 27 to rock the valve stem 28,thus to move the clearance chamber 14 in timed oscillation. Thisposition of the eXcentric makes possible extremely rapid opening andclosing of the delivery port l and admission port 7 The oscillatingdischarge ports 17 and 18, at the time of opening and closing, are beingimpelled by the excentric while its center is moving through thevertical portion of its stroke; thus providing for an exceedingly 'quickoiening and closure of ports on both sides ot the oscillating chamber'so that the time which elapses between the closing ol comnmnca'- tionVwith lthe compressor cylinder and opening communication to the powercylinder is minimized, thus holding the con'lpressed charge in theclearance chamber the shortest possible length of time with the smallestpossible loss otheat oi compression te such walls. v

To ope yate the intake and exhaust valves in proper time the rocker arm2G is connectedvto the rock shaft 29 through the inedium of the rock armpin 30, the connecting rod 31, pin 82 and the rock shaft arm 88. Therock shaft 29 carries two cams lli and 35. The cam 84 is shown incontact with the lever 3G which Vpivots about the pin 37 and is shown inFigs. 2 and 4 at the moment of depressing the inlet valve 3, and holdingthe same open against action or the spring 88 to admit'air or mixturethrough the valve 3 while the piston 6 is moving on the intake stroke.The exhaust cam 85 is shown out of Contact with the operating lever 39,but is'so arranged that when the piston has 'com pleted its po-werstroke, it will move the lever 39 to open the spring closed exhaustvalve 40 so as to hold open the exhaust valve during the whole of theexhaust stroke; allowing the same to be closed just before the pistonreaches the end of the exhaust stroke, ysubject to the usual adjustment.This closure may take place aty some point from to 11g of an inch moreor less from the end of ythe piston travel.'r

flhe clearance chamber litis mounted 4lo freely oscillate 'in the valvebearing 5 which This excentric operates is closed at one end byimperforate` plate 4l and at the opposite end by the perforated plate 42through which the valve stem 28 pro-jects for engagement of the rockerarm 2G.

The clearance chamber 14 constitutes a valve opening and closing to thetwo cylinders separately, and contains a cylindrical cavity 43 which ismade of such capacity relative to that of compression cylinder 1, thatthe desired compression may be obtained. rlhis chamber performs threefunctions; first, to receive the charge from the compressor; second, toisolate and hold the charge closed against the compressor cylinder untilthe proper time for admitting the charge to the power cylinder; andthird, to afford the clearance necessary for combustion in connectionwith the power cylinder and it becomes a combustion chamber opening intothe power cylinder when used with a carbureter; the combustion startedin the admission port 7 moves through the discharge port 1S into thechamber 43, and combustion .is completed in that manner.

The description just completed, applies to the method of operation whenusing a carbureter and delivering a mixture of air and liquid fuel spraythrough the inlet valve 3.

The engine may be supplied with fuel injectedI in liquid form into thecylinder admission port 7. To accomplish this the fuel pump shown inFig. G is a metering pump arranged to feed, in timed relation tomovements of the piston, the amount of fuel desired fo-r each individualout stroke.

It is operated from the movement of the rock shaft 29 through the mediumof rocker arm 44, the pin 45, connecting 4G, pin 47, arm 48 and theshaft 49.

These elements are so connected in time with the movement of thecylinders and the pistons that the cam which is depressing tappet 5lwhich is mounted upon the end of the plunger 52, so that the plungerwill be operated; and by displacement of the fuel at its lower end, willmeter out the'c desired amount for each stroke.

T he plunger 52 when'released after being operated on by the cam 50, isreturned on the suction stroke by the spring 53, and completely o-pensthe suction port 54, allowing liquid fuel to fill the displacement spacebelow the plunger; so that on the return stroke of the plunger, suchfuel will be forced out pastthe spring closed check valve 55 and throughthe spring chamber 56, pipe rod 57 and injection valve 58 into theignition port 7. The injection valve 58 1s held against its seat withgentle pressure by means o-f spring 59, so that it will be closedthrough the major portion of every revolution of the engine and it istimed to open by oil pressure caused by the inward movethe ment of theplunger 52, and to immediately discharge the same amount of fuel that isdisplaced at the lower end of the plunger 5 2.

The lower end of the plunger 52 is aslant as at 59, at an acute angle tothe axis of the plunger. The upper portion of the plunger 52 is providedwith an angular hody GO which is preferably square Aand constitutes aguide for the plunger and moves in and out through the square hole Gl inthe guide sleeve G2 which bears in the cylindrical bearing G3 in thepump body 64, The guide sleeve 62 is provided with an arm 65 and isoperated by a reach rod (56 shown only in end section and pinned to thearm 65 to operate thel same. This reach rod may connect in well knownmanner with a governor o-r with hand control, not shown, and through thear1n65, the guide sleeve may be turned through any desired, or necessaryangle. If it is turned 1800 from the position shown, the plunger on itsdownward stroke will not close olf the suction port 54, while in theposition shown, it will close it ofi' early in the stroke and willdeliver the maximum capacity of the pump at each engine stroke. Byadjustn'ient to any point between those two positions, any desircdfractional amount of maximum fuel will be delivered through theinjection valve 58 bccause of adjusted delayed closure of suction port54; thus giving control over the amount of fuel injected at eachcylinder stroke.Y

The timing of the delivery of fuel through the injection valve should besuch that the delivery is completed just previous to openingthedischarge port 18 to admission port 7 of the power cylinder,

If the fuel is completely delivered by this means in advanceY of thebeginning of the opening of the outlet port 18 there will he some fuelsprayed out into the admission port 7 while the bulk of it remains inthe cup G7; and this remainder will be blown into the port 7 and thusform a mixture with the air in and moving through the said port duringthe first movements of the piston after the clearance chamber is open tothe power cylinder.

The complete opeation will he as follows: Air inspiration, aircompression, isolation of the compressed air, injection of a meteredfuel charge into a space closed to the compressed air and Opened t0 thepower cylinder, delivery of a portion'of the compressed air through suchspace to the power cylinder and thereby forcibly mixing portions of fueland compressed air causing explosive action of the first increments ofair and fuel .causing` a. regurgitation `of the ignited mass back ltothe main body of compressed air,therehy forming throughout thecompressed air a rapidly burning mixture; said regurgitation andexplosive' action thereby fausing heating and expansion within the powercylinder. The regurgitation and explosive action entirely blows out ofthe cup G7 the fuel remaining thereinand thoroughly completes themixture for complete combustion. Y

rlhe fuel pump tank 74 shown in Fig. (i, may be supplied with fuel oilby any well known means not shown; such as a pump with yan overflow pipeto return the excess to the storage tank.

This invention is especially designed as a constant volume engine; thatis, an engine in which explosion takes place when the piston is at thetop of the stroke; and it is therefore more particularly adapted to theuse of gasoline or kerosene or other refined oils from which anexplosivemixture can be made. rllhe idea of fuel injection is to enhance theeconomy by stratified mixtures instead of having the whole volume of thecharge to constitute a mixture at each stroke.

The injection valve 58 is carried in a body 68 which is threaded intothe cylinder head 23 and passes through the engine structure in the fitG9 to the admission port 7. lt is provided with a threaded cap 70carrying a gland nut 7l for holding the pipe 57. The valve 58 is held inposition through themedium of the spring 59 within the body G8.

The compressor piston (S is provided with a hot plate 75 and powercylinder 8 with a hot plate 7 6. Both plates are mounted so that heatresisting medium may be retained underneath them with suflicientstrength to resist the pressure upon the surface of the plates.

As the combustion does not take place in the saine cylinder in whichcompression takes place, pre-ignition from the hot piston heads cannottake place; therefore these hot plates provided with heat insulationunderneath them are placed on both pistons. In the compressor pistonthey help hold the heat of compression from being dissipated to thepiston proper while in the power pisf ton the heat of the plate assistsignition and the heat stored at the beginning of the stroke at thehighest tennverature isgiven out on the expansion stroke and thus notlost to the piston. 'lhe cylinder heads are not water jacketed for thesame reasons.

ln power cylinder 8. dotted line 77 represents the position oi' thepiston on the ex- `haust stroke when the exhaust valve 40 would beclosed and pori 7 would be opened by the oscillating valve l-lthroughthe port 18: and the dash and dot line 78 represents the (op of thepiston travel.

The ignition is supplied through the medium of a spring resisted arui (Ladapted to coni act with. the escentric rod 25 when it is in its extremehorizontal positionwhen the crank pin 11 is at the extreme top position.This will deflect the arm e to bring about `the piston at line 77contact with the contact screw Y) which is fastened to the insulatedblock c in contact with the terminal d which leads to the battery e andthence to the spark coil f from which a high tension wire Ag leads tothe spark plug t. The contacting of the arma will close the circuit andcause the spark to piston 9 is on the power stroke; so that the`expansion of the gases in cylinder '8 will furnish the power to draw thecharge of fuel and air into the compressor cylinder. During this strokethe cylinder is closed to the clearance 48; on thereturn strokecompleted by the fly wheel the valve 3 will be closed and thecompressorpiston will compress the charge in the compressor cylinder 1,into the interior of the alternating clearance space 43 within theoscillatingl valve 14, the port 17 being open during the compressingstroke. Said oscillating Avalve when piston 6 is at the top'of itsstroke, moves at a high rate and on-reaching the top of its stroke cutsoft the opening between the discharge port 4 and the. inlet port 17locking the charge from the compressor cyl inder withinthe clearance 48.This may occur 300 ahead of thecompletion of the power piston exhauststroke. yThe rate of circular movement of the oscillating valve 14around its axis isv so timed that it will begin'to open delivery port 18to communi# cate through admission port 7 to the` cylinder 8 ata point150 on the crank travel beforey piston 9 reaches the top of its t 'avelas shown by dash line 77 when the exhaust valve 40 is closed. At thesame instant that this communication takes place, with ignition willoccur at the ignition plug h. rl`he oscillating valve 14 is stillmovingat a' high rate and the delivery portg18very quickly takes the posi.ntion wide open to the admission port 7, as is shown by the position ofport 18 and of piston 9, which on the drawing is shown on the downwardtravel about one-fifth the stroke with the complete alinelnent of thetwo ports. As the delivery port 'I8 opens with the piston al theposition 77 and moving upwarch a` portion of `the compressed charge goesinto the locked cylinder and is ignited and innnediately thereafter isforced back again by thecompletion of the piston travel to the dot andclash lines 78.

rllhis regurgitation of the ignited mixture greatly facilitatescombustion and produces a high rate ofv turbulence which tends toprevent detonation of heavy fuels. Port 18 remains open and doesk notfinally close until the piston t) has completed its power' stroke, andSOO after port 18 has closed, inlet pcrt 17 againA opens'to thedischarge port 4 and a new charge is being delivered from the compressorcylinder into the clearance space 43 for the repetition of the cycleofrcoperations. rihe oscillating. valve lll is driven through thesetimed movements by means of excentric 2li and rod 25 operating throughthe arm 26; and by this common means the motion vof the excentric rodVis transmitted through arm 26 and through the rod 3l to the rockshaftarm 33 to rock the shaft- 29 with the cams which control the movementsof the intake valve 3 and exhaust valve 40. Y

rThe operation of this invention may also be carried out by theinjection of fuel and such injection may be as shown in the drawings bymeans of the pump and injection nozzle shown in Fig 6 or it may becarried out by the usual method of Diesel engines when the compressionin cylinder l is suiiiciently highto ignite the fuel by heat ofcompression. f

Injection for refined fuels may be accomplished by means of apump shownin Fig. 6 which operates to regulate either by hand or by goif'ernortheamount of fuel injected at each stroke into the admission port 7. rfheoperation here, will l e, so far as moven'ientof the valves and pistonsis concerned, identical with that adapted to use of the carbureter,exceptthat the fuel is rinjected into a cup 67 from which it may bepartly blown with the force of injection into the 'admission port 7; thetirst rush of compressed air upon opening of the oscillating valve 14,giving communication from clearance chamber t3 to cylinder S will be tocause ignition ot a portion of this fuel in port to take place; as atthis instant the piston will be at the position shown by line 77, andtraveling upwards, the heat and explosive force, as well astlieregurgitation caused by con'ipression of the piston stroke "to line78 will blow the remainder of the fuel out of cup 67 forcing itviolently toward and into thc receiv-cr chamber l-l,

vcausing a rapid production of mixture and cate with an expansiblechamber previously contracted to approximately Zero and producingycombustion of the chargeand a` consequent expansion within bothchambers to a comparatively low pressure for moving a wall ot theexpansible chamber and produc- .ing power throughout a period of higheX- pansion.

2. The production of power by internal combustion comprising periods ofinspiration of a combinent, compression of the same to a pre-dimensionedbody, isolation of such bot y in an oscillating chamber; opening suchbody to communica-tion with a constra'cted expansiblc chamber;combustion of the comburent, and expansion of the products in bothchambers, thereby moving a wall to produce power throughout a period ofhigh expansion; and exhausting the products of combustion from theexpanded chamber,

c 3. In the art of `producing power by-internal combustion, the methodof applying an expansiye medium to a power chamber; vhich comprisesopening an isolated oscillating chamber containing a charge of comburentto such power chamber, and combusting the same ata period when pistonclearance in the power chamber is approximately zero. V

Ll. A two-stroke internal combustion cnginc comprising a compressorcylinder, and a 4power cylinder, the/piston clearance of which isoutside of said cylinders; an oscillating chamber constituting suchclearance and provided only with lateral ports adapted to alternatelyopen separately to the ycylinders at the heads thereof; a crank shaft, acrank on said crank shaft, pistons operating in said cylinders through acommon crank pin; means cperaliile through `said crank shaft to causethe clearance chamber to close to the compressor cylinder and open tothe power cylinder when the clearance of each cylinder is at a mi pmumand vice versa at the return stroke of the pistons; aud ignition meansoperable at the head stroke of the power piston to ignite a charge intheclearance when said clearance is open to said power piston.

5. A two-stroke internal combustion cngine comprising a compressorcylinder, and a power cylinder, the piston clearances of which areoutside of said cylinders; a chamber constituting such clearance andprovided with ports connecting the cylinders at the heads thereof; acrank shaft` a crank on said crank shaft, pistons ,operating in saidcylinders through a common crank pin; oscillating hollow valved means insuch clearance chamber operable through said crank shaft to cause theclearance chamber' to close to the compressor cylinder and open to thepower cylinder when the clearance of each cylineer at a minimum and viceversa at Athe return stroke of the pistons; and igni- Cil iti() lll lll)

Leser/so tion means operable at the head stroke of the power pistonto'ignite a charge in the clearance open to said power piston.

G. A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising` a Compressorcylinder; Vand a power' cylinder; the piston clearance of which isoutside or" said cylinders; a chamber constituting such clearance andprovided with ports adapted to alternately open separately to thecylinders at the heads thereof; a crank shaft, a crank on said crankshaft; pistons operating in said cylinders through a common crank pin;means operable through said crank shaft to cause the clearance chamberto close to the compressor cylinder and open to the power cylinder atthe head stroke of the pistons and vice versa at the return stroke ofthe pistons; said cylinder being' arranged at the proper angle toproduce the desired timing,l of the movement of the piston and theoscillating` valvedV means to allow for the necessary advanced ignitionof the charge.

7. rFhe method of cond acting internal com bustion for power purposessubstantially set forth; comprising introducing a cold charge elcomburcnt in a compressor chamber that can be reduced to practicallyzero volume; opening an oscillating clearance to said chamber;conin'essinp; the whole oit such charge into said movable clearance;moving' such clearance to isolate such compressed charge; continuing themovement of the clearance to open such charge with a power chamber atthe instant when it is of practically Zero volume and combusting` thecomburcnt in that condition.

8. The method of conducting internal combustion'tor power purposescomprising introducing a cold charge olieomburent in a compressorchamber that can be reduced to practically Zero volume; opening` anoscillatine' clearance to said chamber compressinir the whole ot sucheliarge into said oscillatine' clearance; moving' such Icleaiwince toisolate such compressed charge; continuing,` the movement ot theclearance to open such, charge to a power chamber when the saine isapproaching the condition ot Zero clearance, and conmleting ignition otthe Icomburent while the clearance is approach'ing` zero.

i). An internal*combustion engine comprisingr a compressor cylinder anda working` cylinder, the compressor cylinder being of smaller dimensionsand smaller capacity than the working` cylinder: an oscillating);clearance for transieri-ing` the compressed charge 'from the conuiressorcylinder to the worliing; cylinder and means 'for igniting the chargewithin the working cylinder as it leaves the oscillating valve.

l0. in internal combustion engine comJ ln'ising` a Vcompressor cylinderand a working cylinder, the compressor cylinder being of smallerdimensions and smaller capacity thanv the werking` cylinder, bothcylinders completing their displacement stroke with minimum clearance tothe cylinder' head at approximately the same instant; a rocking chamberwith ports for receiving)` and isolating` a charge of compressed mixtureand for transferring the chargefrom the compressor cylinder' to theworkingr cylinder,

and means for igniting` the charge within" charges; means adapted toreceive withinr itself and thereby isolate each single compressed chargeof comburcnt from said l compressor and to open the same to saidexpansible chamber by the movement of said means; and means to ignitethe charge iinmediately it is opened to the expansible chamber.

13. Thefcombination with an eXpansible combustion chamber; oit acoi'npressor adapted to compress coinburent charges; means to receiveand isolate eachsingle charge of comburcnt 'from the-compressor means tooscillate said receiving` means and to theref by open said charge otcombinent to the er'- pansible chamber while said. clian'iber is con--tracted; and means operable by the more mentl ol a wall o1 saidexpansible chamber duringexpansion oit said chamber to trans mit power;

14. The combimition with an; expansible chamber oit an internalcombustion engine; ot' a compressor adapted to compress comburentcharges; an oscillating;` valve lgletween the compressor and theexpansible chamber adapted to receive within itselt the completecompressed charge ol comburcnt 'from the con'ipressor and to isolate thesame and thereafter to open said isolated charge to the contract-edeiipansiblechamber; and means for ignitinir the comburcnt at the time itis so delivered. n .Y

l5. The combination with a. cranli shaft; of lan oscillatingl chamberhaving an inlet and an outlet port; a compressor adapted to compresscomburcnt charges; cylinder having a discharge port arranged to registerwith the inlet port ot the oscillatingchamber in only one position ofsuch chamber; an internal combustion engine cylinder hz ving anadmission port arranged to register with the outlet port at anotherposition of said oscillating chamber; a piston in the internalcombustion cylinder; a main connecting rod connecting said piston with acrank;

v a piston in the compressor cylinder; a connecting rod connecting thecompressor piston to the main connecting rod at anaout-e angle thereto;a valved inlet for the conipressor cylinder; a valved exhaust tor theinternal combustion cylinder; and means for ter with the inlet p ort ofthe oscillatingV chamber in only onelposition ot such chamber; aninternal combustion engine cylinder having an admission port arranged toregister with the outlet port at another position ot said oscillatingchamber; a piston in the internal combustion cylinder; a connecting rodconnecting said piston with a crank ofsaid shaft; a piston in thecompressor cylinder; a connecting` rod connected to the compressorpiston and to the main connecting rod; a valved inlet for the compressorcylinder; a valved exhaust port tor the combastion cylinder; means toroperating the oscillating chamber intime with the movements of thepistons of the two cylinders; and means common to both compressor andpower cylinders Yfor operating the intake valve ot the compressor; theoscillating valve and the exhaust valve ot the power cylinder.

17. In a two-stroke internal con'ibustion engine the combination of acompressor and power cylinder having pistons moving in dilterentialtimed relation, the compresser cylinder being fitted with an intakevalve;

and the power cylinder fitted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamberbetween the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to bealternately oiened and closed to the cylinders separately andrespectively so as to prevent the heat ot the previous combustion fromlimiting weight ot working charges of comnurent passing through theengine. i

1S. In a two-stroke internal combustionV engine the combination ot acompressor and a power cylii'ider having pistons moving in differentialtimed relation; the compressor cylinder being .Vit-ted with an intakevalve; and the power cylinder itted with an exhaust valve; a clearancechamber between the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be movedto be alternately opened and closed to the cylinders separately andrespectively for the purpose oi insta-nt transfer ofV a compressedcharge oit oomburent with the power cylinder tor instant comcastlie i)assenso from the compressor' cylinder to commu tion therein withoutchange ot volume and a lowering of pressure.

19. In a two-stroke'internal combu ion engine the combination of acompressor and power cylinder having pistons moving in differentialtimed relation; the compressor cylinder titted with an intake valve; thepower cylinder fitted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamber betweenthe two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved to alternatelyopen to the cylinders separately and respectively 'to malte possiblecompression ot comburent in a separate cylinder ot smaller volume thanthe power cylinder and transfer of the compressed charge to the powercylinder witl extreme turbulence to facilitate combustion and controlexpansion ratio.

20. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine the combination of acompressor and Vpower cylinder having pistons moving 1n differentialtimed relation; the compressor' cylinder .fitted with an intake valve;thc power cylinder tted with an exhaust valve; a clearance chamberbetween the two cylinders constructed and arranged to be moved toalternately open to the cylinders separately and respectively so as toallow 'for advanced admission and ignition of the charge in the powercylinder to malte possible compression ot eombnrent in a separatecylinder of smaller volume than the power cylinder and transfer ot thecompressed charge to the power cylinder with extreme turbulence tofacilitate combustion and control expansion ratio.

21. An internal combustion engine comprising compressing and powercylinders each provided with intake and exhaust valves; movableclearance means between. the comp 'ession and power cylinders to receivethe whole oi the charge 'from the compressing cylinder without leavingappreciable piston clearance; means to move said clearance to closecommunication with the compressor cylinder, and to open the compressedcharge to the power cylinder, when the power cylinder is in position otpractically no piston clearance; and means to ignite the compressedcharge at the instant, it is in contact with the power piston.

22. An internal combustion engine comprising compressing and powercylindersI each provided with intake and exhaust valves; movableclearance means between the compressing and power cylinders to receivethe whole charge ot' the compressing cylinder without leavingappreciable piston clearance; means to move said clearance to closecommunication with the compressing cylinder and open communication tothe power cylinder to admit the compressed charge thereto when the powercylinder is in positiond of preotiozilly il@ piston Clearance; ineens toreceive the desired increment of fuel tor each Compressed Charge in Suchcommunication to the power cylinder, that will cruise the movement ofthe Compressed charge to blow the iiuel into the stream of compressedl:tir flowing to the power cylinder; and means to ignite the compressedol'iztrge et the instant it is in Contact with the power piston.

23. ln a two-stroke internal Combustion engine the Combination of acompressor and power cylinder having pistons :moving` in di'l'lerent-ialtimed reletimi7 the compressor cylinder being fitted with an intakevulve, and the power cylinder Iitted with en exhaast valve; e olearztneechamber between the two. cylinders @Onstru'ctd and errenged to be movedto be positively alternately opened and closed to the cylindersseparately and respectively so as to prevent the heat of the previouscombustion from limiting the weight of working charges of oomhurentpassing through the engine and provided with means for timedintroduction of Yfuel to suoli opened charge o1" oomhurent.

ln testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles,California, this 19th day of August, 1920.

ORVLLE I-IRAM El SIG-N. Witness:

JAMES R. TowNsnND.

